Driving force in the lives of many people Essay

Nowadays materialism is a driving force in the lives of many people, motivating them to their achievements as many people argue. Although, it is considered that humans are controlled by their own avarice, I believe that people are simply motivated to achieve by personal satisfaction. As cynical as I am, I do not think that money and fame are a stimulus to people. Rather they accomplish their goals for personal and emotion gain, not physical. When recently learning the topic of motivation in my Psychology class, we discussed what the main driving force is for a person. Though there are many theories arguing the issue, a person can be mostly content when fulfilling a goal for their own personal satisfaction, not for a physical reward. When this subject, I also learned that one’s happiness and self-esteem are one of the major aspects of being a well-balanced person. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs includes psychological and emotional needs as the highest priority. With this I can conclude that those who strive to achieve goals do it for their own bliss. Money and fame may seem like the a dream come true , but like it is always said, â€Å"money can’t buy you happiness†. There are countless numbers of wealthy people and celebrities who live lavish lives that anyone else would die to have, but they are as miserable and lonely as one can be. I find it beautiful that in today’s society people strive to pursue their own interests without having the end result of money leading their decisions. There is a countless number of underprivileged, even poor artists, journalists, musicians, writers, etc. that enjoy their life fully, waking up every day to go to a job they simply love. Thus, money and fame can never be a satisfying reward without happiness. All in all, in my opinion, people are motivated to achieve by personal satisfaction rather than a physical reward such as money or fame. I consider that contentment is more important than anything to a human being, because fulfilling something for money or fame can lead to disappointment, thus straining ones emotional needs. We ask ourselves: what motivates us, to get up every morning, to go to school, to study, to wear what we wear, to act how we act? We do it basically to satisfy our needs, no to reward us with a prize, but because it is what we want, what makes us happy, and what pleases us emotionally.

Outline for Thesis Architecture

Your aim must, (1) state the subject of your research, (2) contain the question or research inquiry that you wish to answer and (3) your rationale for conducting the research. Sample: The purpose of the study was to identify and understand the need for addressing human aspects of architecture; how students physically, psychologically and socially behave towards their environment such as the library. From the investigation, it is expected to raise awareness amongst students, public and even professionals regarding the significance and implication of environmental psychology particularly proteomics on these spaces. This investigation was done by, first, exploring the knowledge on implication of human behavior on built environment and Malaysian culture associating with the way they socialize and interact.Consequently, observing and understanding how spatial behavioral spacing between individuals within the major spaces may occur. Aim and objectives of research Instruction: State one aim and 2-3 objectives. Your aim must, (1) state the subject of your research, (2) contain the question or research inquiry that you wish to answer and (3) your rationale for conducting the research. The aim of the study is to investigate how far E-B is understood by students through conducting a survey among architecture and design-based students. From the survey, it would be possible to gauge the level of awareness among the students on the significance of human environments and importance in the process of design.In line with the aim, the objectives of the study are listed below: To establish the level of awareness mongo design-based students on E-B and how far this aspect is considered in their design projects To find out how much they understand the fundamental concept of person-space relationship To determine the students' perceptions on spaces of one important facility, I. E. The faculty libraryHistory of Shopping Malls in Malaysia Text Retails and Architecture Elements of Store Design Visual Color Figure [ 1 ]: Percentage of students going to the library with respective purposes Figure 2: Interior of the library showing the area of sofas Text fiddling text [keep this chapter to about 8-11 pages. It is longer if you choose to include the description of your case study here] You need to present observations and comments that are critical. Consider summarizing your findings in matrices / table form. Table [ 1 ]: Summary, Discussion and Analysis of Mosque Envelope Design Elements Comparison of the two mosques I Discussion and Analysis I Steel Mosque I Putter Mosque I Site Locations I both mosques are surrounded by water element (lake).Water features are also introduced within the boundary of the mosque in the form of pond and waterfall as meaner to further enhance passive cooling. I Tartan Pituitary along the Pituitary Boulevard and sits right next to the Pituitary Man-Made Lake. The lake acts as a passive cooling device through evaporative cooling. I Persian Operand at the end of Pituitary Boulevard and sits right next to the Pituitary Man- Made Lake. The lake acts as a passive cooling device through evaporative cooling. I I Openings On Wall Envelope I These mosques present alternative degree of enclosure. One opts for openness and borderless I Wall envelope is totally open with no specific enclosure that promotes natural ventilation and lighting†¦..Openings are in the form of glass sliding doors and are partly consist of square modules of fixed glass with the rest of the balance surface are totally open for the purpose of harvesting natural ventilation and lighting I I Treatment On Wall Envelope I both mosques seem I Wall envelope panels are applied with woven metallic fabric which is called the Muscularity and on I Wall envelope panels treated with traditionally crafted square module timber that are Joined together to create a screen called Muscularity†¦.. I I Building Materials Use On Wall Envelope I Uses crystallized glas s material to encase the steel columns that are exposed directly to the sun radiation.This material maintain its cool temperature although expose to heat due to its heat absorbing properties I Uses rose-tinted granite as the main material for the exterior of the wall envelope that is exposed directly to the sun radiation. This material has a very low heat capacity that helps reduce heat gain I Roof Envelope I Both mosques aim to optimize the stack effect concept by having a sigh volume of space and roof openings I High roof with arc shaped openings on dome to achieve stack effect

Quality Management for Organizational Excellence: Total Quality Pioneers Essay

In this paper, Philip Crosby will be discussed as one of the pioneers of total quality. Quality will be defined and also total quality will be discussed about how each contributed to Philip Crosby’s success. Additionally, it will be explained why quality is useful in today’s business environment. Quality and Total Quality Defined In today’s world the majority of consumers require their products and services have quality. Quality is performance to the standard expected by the customer, meeting customer needs the first time and every time, doing the right thing right the first time (Goetsch, 2010). Quality is defined as â€Å"a dynamic state associated with products, services, people, processes, and environments that meets or exceeds expectations and helps produce superior value† (Goetsch, 2010, p. 5). The dynamic state of quality will change in the future as time goes on. Total quality is the collective quality concepts pulled together as one comprehensive approach to conducting business (Goetsch, 2010). Total quality is achieved through strategy, obsession with quality, teamwork, education and training, employee involvement, and customer focus in addition to many other aspects of quality. If any element of total quality is not present, then total quality has not and cannot be achieved. Philip Crosby Philip Crosby was a director for ITT Corporation for 14 years until 1979 when he opened his own company called Philip Crosby Associates. Philip Crosby Associates was an international consulting firm on quality improvements for businesses. Crosby defined quality as conformance to requirements and was known for his theory of zero defects management and prevention. Crosby also introduced Quality Vaccine that consisted of three ingredients: 1) Determination, 2) Education, and 3) Implementation. Many companies and managers also use Crosby’s concept of â€Å"doing it right the first time† (Boti, 2011). With conformance to requirements, quality is considered customer satisfaction and compliance with certain standards is required. Crosby’s zero defect management sets the standard that errors are not tolerated, and there are no acceptable levels of non-quality; hence doing it right the first time (Boti, 2011). Prevention, as Crosby describes, is â€Å"quality should not be controlled, it must be done† (Boti, 2011, pg. 205). Last, quality measure is the cost of non-compliance with quality. Quality Today and the Future Organizations that apply Crosby’s quality management concepts to their business strategies have demonstrated they can remain successful in the business environment. Crosby’s values of understanding the importance of employee and customer education have helped to create consistency in quality, increase productivity, increase profitability, and customer satisfaction. Companies using outdated management approaches are missing opportunities for innovation and growth. Organizations that understand and embrace the dynamic element of quality management will be prepared for the ever changing environment and unknown circumstances that may arise. The future for businesses that have managed the trends in quality will have a better competitive advantage to those who do not. Conclusion Elements of quality may differ from person to person and is constantly changing. Organizational awareness of changes is essential to remain competitive and necessary to produce a better quality product. Long-term success of a business is driven by quality and an organizations ability to continuously improve the quality of its product or service.

Case 29 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Case 29 - Coursework Example Equally, United Technologies Corporation has not been left out in same scenarios. Integrating the new branch previously run from a different forum from that of UTC forms the companys crisis. The large population of 46000 employees also hinders the companys integration of the Chubb system. United Technologies Corporation faces the challenges of harmonizing the new task force with their code of conduct. The aspect of integration becomes a challenge since the employees served under the company that lacked ethics. Therefore, there is a likelihood of experiencing resistances from the employees. The other obstacle is the distance. Most of the Chubb’s sub branches are located far away from the Headquarters. It is then evident that, training process of the employee will require more investment due to movements, and time since the distribution of systems spread across the globe. The concept of open management structure is the other obstacle. There is no organized structure entrusted wi th the management. The employees report to their place of working. Lack of technological infrastructure poses another obstacle in the aspect of integration since the top management cannot effectively communicate with the employees in their working locations. Finally, the aspect of cultural diversity of the employees poses another challenge. Despite the various challenges, Gnazzo must be prepared to employ the strength of the organization to counter the weakness of the new system branch being adopted. As long as Chubby is bringing value to UTC, then the project is worth consideration. Gnazzo has to put in place the necessary infrastructures to ensure that, the above obstacles get eliminated and at the same time ensure minimum cost is incurred by the organization. Furthermore, He will be required to choose the right team to eliminate the various obstacles. Necessary resources will also be a required. In this whole process, it is Gnazzo’s role to ensure that, the competitors have no

Big Five Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Big Five Assessment - Essay Example Scoring high in Conscientiousness suggests that I am reliable, well-organized, self-disciplined, and careful. Since my aspirations involve helping families find solutions, these qualities would support my suitability and readiness. Reliability builds trust with clients, while the other qualities are essential for problem-solving. Because my score was not extremely high, I can assume that my need for being organized is not extreme, and I have the necessary flexibility for constant travel.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I scored in the 57th percentile in Agreeableness, which indicates that I am reasonably good-natured, sympathetic, forgiving and courteous. This suits professional service relationships.   I scored a percentile of 35 in the area of Openness, indicating that I am somewhat conventional, down-to-earth, have narrow interests, and am not particularly creative. I was surprised to see myself identified as being uncreative. This was not an extreme rating, so I can assume that I am not absol utely uncreative. Being conventional and down-to-earth will enable rapport with military families.I learned from this assessment that I am average, having scored neither extremely high nor extremely low. Most importantly, I received confirmation that I know myself well enough to have chosen a suitable career field, for which my personality contributes to my readiness. Safety concerns, adjustment challenges of military children, communication, stress. This specialty can require a lot of travel, locally and abroad.

No Child Left Behind Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

No Child Left Behind - Essay Example uarantee that every child is skillful in reading skill that is directed for interpretational purpose and mathematical skills for basic and every-day actions. This is to be accomplished by the end of the session 2013–2014 as per the school year. An explanation provided by NCLB regarding this strategy involves various political domains from lower to higher authorities i.e. from schools to district and to state authorities so that children master the skills in every possible manner. This step not only will be of prime significance from the point of view of children but also it is highly imperative step for the development of the nations and therefore qualification of teacher is highly imperative for the success of the strategy formulated under NCLB. Step by step procedures are adopted for assessing adequate yearly progress (AYP) (State and Local Implementation of No Child Left Behind, II & III). No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) is a federal law which was established in 2001 to highlight the importance of basic and higher education for every child. The major task of this law is to exhibit aptitude and advancement according to answerability criterions set by the country and accepted or permitted the Department of Education of United States (Accountability Resource Center Hawaii). The law necessitates states to execute a system that is responsible enough to measure the progress and performance of the system in development of the child. For instance, a responsible system to measure Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) in mathematics, reading skills, contribution and aptitude. It also encompasses the way teacher teaches and how qualified the teacher is to teach and meet the standard. These accomplishments are reported annually at the individual level, school level and also at the state level (Accountability Resource Center Hawaii). NCLB was implemented as a law in January 2002 as "An Act to close the achievement gap with accountability, flexibility, and choice, so that no

How can the challenges for business start-ups in China be overcome Essay

How can the challenges for business start-ups in China be overcome - Essay Example It is evident from the study that there are many challenges that start up businesses would face in China which include complexities within the political, economic, social cultural and technological factors of the business environment in this country. The complexity theory in the practice of business management demonstrates that chaos within the business environment that challenges entrepreneurs especially for starting businesses. To ensure that a start up business grows and thrives in the China, entrepreneurs must put in consideration all the challenging factors in decision making. According to Alexandru and Gabriela, entrepreneurs who plan to venture into doing business in China should be aware of the challenges which are likely to be faced in the Chinese society and their implication on the success of the business venture. Lowe & Marriott add that the social factor and the culture of the Chinese people is a very strong force in determining the performance of a business especially v entures by foreign investors. The political factors in addition to economic environment are apparent determinants of the success of a business within this country. China is one of the leading technological innovators in the world and modern technology and computer applications and systems are being applied in business functions within the country and therefore the technology factor is most likely to influence the success of a business venture in the country as explained by. ... 43). The challenges that starting business in China are many and therefore entrepreneurs should be prepared head on if their businesses are to grow. The complexity theory describes a business startup as one which is faced with chaos and many external factors which are determinants of the survival of a business investment. CRITICAL EVALUATION AND ANALYSIS OF THE SITUATION Cultural and Language Barriers Bergsten (2008) asserts that there are cultural and language barriers which would be very challenging to entrepreneurs wishing to start business in this country. Foreigners who plan to start business in China will certainly have difficulties during business negotiations due to language barrier (Chen & Miller, 2011). It would be appropriate therefore for entrepreneurs who start businesses in China to learn basic Chinese which would be adequate for business communications. Additionally, starting up a business in China will mean that the entrepreneurs leans basic social communication skill s so that the relationship with local employees or business partners would be enhanced. Chandra & Chao (2011, p. 55) say that the Chinese culture is very old and complex and may challenge entrepreneurs who plan to start business in this society. The culture of the Chinese will influence the ability of an entrepreneur of building business relationships. Therefore, entrepreneurs should learn about the Chinese culture to ensure that they do not violate it which would impact negatively on the business as demonstrated by Isenberg (2008, p. 107). The complexities of language and culture affect issues such as greetings, gender roles, leadership and business management which are congruent

Hospital administration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Hospital administration - Essay Example Hospital administration is an important component of a country’s health care system. Hospital administration generally refers to management of hospital in a particular country. It is actually the key component of any health agencies and/or institutions management. Hospital administration is the narrow form of health administration. This paper includes a detailed overview of health care system, health care policy and hospital administration of Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia, formally known as kingdom of Saudi Arabia, was founded by ABD AL-AZIZ bin Abd al-Rahman AL SAUD (Ibn Saud) in 1932. Saudi Arabia is renowned as the birth place of the religion Islam. The country is also the home of two holiest place in the Islam religion, Mecca and Medina. Saudi Arabia is a Middle East country with the population of approximately 28 million among which 5.6 million are foreigners. Population growth rate in Saudi Arabia is approximately 1.9%. Capital of Saudi Arabia is Riyadh where almost 3.6 million people live. There are still monarchy type of government exist in Saudi Arabia. Almost 82% of total population of the country live in urban area. Average life expectancy of total population in Saudi Arabia is 76.3 years and almost 78.8% people in the country are officially educated.1 Saudi Arabias economy is mainly oil based. Almost 20% of total petroleum reserves in world are possessed by Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia holds the number one position as far as the export of petroleum is concerned. In 2008, Saudi Arabias GDP was $527 billion, 45% of this GDP come form petroleum sector. Saudi Arabia plays an important role in OPEC as it is the largest petroleum exporter. Entire economy is controlled by the Saudi government. In 2008 countrys annual growth rate was approximately 6.1%.2 Health of the citizens is one of the major concerns for any countrys government. It is necessary

Credit card debt in the Uk today Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Credit card debt in the Uk today - Essay Example The building society branch network was expanded at high pace in the 1980's in the United Kingdom. But facing the recessions in the 1990's the trend declined. Most of the societies rationalized their network in order to cut the cost. The new trend was to give importance to the quality rather than quantity. This in turn gave rise to the trend of targeting high profit customers in order to gain high profits by cross- selling products to these customers. (Birkin & Clarke, 1998) The main customers of the building societies are the common men. Most of the products of building societies as discussed above are designed while keeping in view the needs of household customers. These products are attractive for them because the way to use them is simple. Like all the commercial banks the building societies also offer the Credit card services which have easy terms and conditions and provide the customer with the facility of loan. These credit cards are also different according to the packages they provide such as The strength of U.K financial system largely depends upon the external shocks the banks have to suffer. In the year 2005 the U.K banks financial strength ratings were comparatively high as compare to rest of other international banking institutions. The composition of the earnings of the banks kept reshaping. The income indicated a declining trend of retail borrowing, although offset by revenues from corporate banking than that from retail lending. Some banks in wholesale markets also gained dealing profits. It is future forecast, that the banks will earn nominal profits in coming year. Due to the unsecured lending exposure some of the banks would have slower income growth. The competition in the banking industry and the declining trend of retail rending can result in a slow income growth capitalisation. The capital ratios in major UK banks remained unchanged i.e. above regulatory minimum balance required. Passing the stress tests the banks had sufficient profits and reserves capital despite facing various economic and external, shocks. The IMF (FSAP) report stated that despite all the worst case scenario combined together the total cost for the banking sector is just 0.35 % total assets. (Bumn et al, 2005) The level of bad debts in UK is triggering at high speed as debt provision has been made easier to consumers in shape of credit cards and other financial instruments. The issue has become an important concern for the economists in the banking industry of UK. In the UK, bad debts are on average about 3 per cent in the credit card market, compared with the present level in the US of about 5 per cent. If the UK follows the US trend, credit standards may decline as competition increases. These societies also provide consultation services to the customers since most of them are busy with their business or family lives to dedicate sufficient time to plan for their financial futures. Without adequate planning financial goals may be unrealistic, which can result in significant financial under-achievement. They often get teamed up with other legal companies in order to provide the customers with a comprehensive range of value for money insurance products to protect home, contents, and mortgage

Kuwaiti and Saudi Arabian Woman's Rights in Their Own Country Essay

Kuwaiti and Saudi Arabian Woman's Rights in Their Own Country - Essay Example In most of the Islamic countries, women are not allowed to drive; this is for the sole reason that they are not supposed to be bare faced- they are expected to cover the parts of their body that are awrah (meant not to be seen) (Alsarraf 56). Following this situation, only the hand and the eyes are not considered awrah and are supposed to be concealed to the public. This has made the women who profess Islamic culture to avoid driving since with the cloak cloath called abaya and the face-veil, niqab it is impossible to engage in driving. Kuwait though has rescinded over this law and have let their women drive just like any other person without the discrimination of gender. It will be noted that most of the Islamic countries are hinged on patriarchal and men are the central authority in everything and are given first priority.Whereas in other Islamic countries there is strict regulation on the right of the women to vote in the elections, women in Kuwait enjoys the right to vote followi ng the repeal of the sections that barred women from such constitutional rights. Following the 2005 amendments, Kuwaiti women have the rights to equally vie for the elective position; parliamentary and local elections. Following the precedent set by the 2005 ruling, in 2009 the Kuwait’s constitutional court also ruled that the women, just like men could possess passport without the approval of their husbands. Initially, women were not allowed to get hold of the passport without the approval of their husbands.

Lord Of The Flies by William Golding Essay Example for Free

Lord Of The Flies by William Golding Essay Q: Why did things on the island fall apart? When the boys landed on the island after their plane crash, they thought it was great and thought it was going to be fun to be without adults. However as the book went on the situation of the island slowly fell apart. There were very early signs in the book that things could fall apart for example Piggy was made fun of for being overweight and he also wore glasses and had asthma, these weaknesses where in my opinion a sign that things could go bad on the island. Further on in the book, when Ralph and Piggy met Jack and the choir, they had a clash of personalities, they didnt separate straight away but you could sense that they could and the clash of personalities was a big factor in things falling apart on the island. You could sense there was a clash in personalities because Jack Merridew was very arrogant and intimidating. this intimidated Piggy, which was straight away a negative thing on the island. As the book progressed Jack got more aggressive and became more obsessive about hunting, this was the major factor in the deterioration of things on the island. Ralph and the others were thinking far more logically by building shelters and building a fire to attract potential rescuers. Jack hunting aggravated Ralph because Ralph believed this was not helpful and wasnt going to get them off the island. Ralph was more concerned about getting off the island whereas Jack was more concerned about harming pigs and hunting. Basically I thought Ralph was using his common sense and saw rescue as most important. This would later become the main reason for why things on the island went so bad. At the start of the book Ralph gets voted Chief of the Island, and part of the rules were that everyone must listen to the person holding the conch. The conch was a symbol of peace, the exact opposite of what Jack represents, which is evil. Jack always wanted to be centre of attention and always wanted to put his point across. The conch prevented him from doing so, if someone said something he didnt agree with regardless whether he had the conch, this bothered Ralph and especially Piggy. The conch meant a lot to Piggy and he abided strictly by the rules of the conch. Jack however didnt want to and would continually break the rules and shout out when people where trying to speak. This lack of respect for the conch would really get to Piggy and Ralph because Jack would continually rebel against the ideas put forward. But no one would say anything because they feared Jack so much. As the book got on Jack became more obsessive about hunting, and even made up his own song Cut the pig. Cut her throat. Spill her blood This was evidence that Jack was becoming more twisted as an individual, and his passion for hunting started the rows and fights on the island. This aggravated Piggy a great deal, and Piggy confronted Jack by saying You and your blood, Jack Merridew! You and your hunting! We might have gone home Jack eventually retaliated by hitting Piggy. Jack would continually pick on Piggy because he was an easy target. Jack never really liked Ralph on the other hand but they had this mutual respect for each other, which was continually being tested. Jack was building up a kind of respect and following, people feared him, and he gained respect from them, he could do whatever he wanted because no one had the guts to confront him. For example he continued to talk without the conch, which was a rule that seemed not to apply to Jack, this was a sign that things were falling apart because they were forgetting about the rules. The longer they stayed on the island the boys started losing their minds and were becoming less logical. For example Ralph was forgetting his words, and was getting confused with him self. Which wasnt the Ralph we read about in the start of the book, at the start of the book Ralph was confident and was logical e.g. starting the fire etc. However Piggy on the other hand continually thought logically and like an adult, and was becoming aware of the goings on around him. Ralph: Why do you hate me? Ralph realised that Jack hated him and confronted him trying to find out why he hated him; this showed Ralphs courage and strong personality. This is very important because they are two very well respected characters and if one decided to leave then he would take people from the other. Later on in the book Jack tried seizing power in page 139 Hands up, said Jack strongly, whoever wants Ralph not to be chief? There was a silent reaction and no one put their hands up, this humiliated Jack and he left the group. His last few words were interesting, he said Im not going to play any longer. Not with you. This was interesting because he said hes not going to play with them anymore, Golding is reminding us that they are still only kids. Jack separating from the island was the main reason in my opinion why everything fell apart on the island. Jacks hunters where very close to him, and they later left Ralph without telling him, this made a big division in the island and this started the problems, which led to violence and insanity. The separation was like two countries going into battle, which was ironic since the world war was going on at the time of which the book was written. It was like a civil discontent which eventually led to break down of respect for authority and fighting between the two rival powers. There was a great rivalry between the groups and Jacks group invaded Ralphs camp and attacked them, as a warning shot to what could later happen, they also took Piggys glasses as a kind of bait so Ralph and the others would go searching for Jack. This lead to the killing of Piggy, and the death of Piggy left Ralph to fend for his self because Samneric had been taken hostages. The death of Simon and Piggy resulted in Ralph fighting for his life, on his own. Jack and the others decided to set the island on fire and chase after Ralph, this proved they were just savages because they didnt think about the consequences of setting the island alight, this would matter in the end because Ralph escaped the fire along with the littluns and Jack and the others got trapped in the fire. Although the end seemed to cut off short and it took a while to get into the actual story I thought Lord Of The Flies was a great book and well written. I liked the way Golding wove secret messages throughout the book. I can say I thoroughly enjoyed the book.

Malham Field UK Essay Example for Free

Malham Field UK Essay Malham field is very vast piece of land situated the northern eastern of the England. It lies within the Yorkshire part of England. The region has wide variations of geographical features which contribute to the attractiveness of the region as centre of tourism attraction. The region has therefore been a region of great importance in the development of geographical learning and other linked course such as agricultures, tourism as well as fishing. (Raistrick, 1972) The geology The Malham field is a region famous of geological activities. One of the most famous geological activities in the sites lies with the presence of limestone features of their own uniqueness. The place is well known because of the wide variety of features, however, the site has is deeply significant in geological work through the understanding of limestone. Generally, Malham is speculated to be a region of useful limestone minerals. The region has been of unique shape which is attributed to the endowment of limestone. The presence of the limestone of the nature of KARST in this portion of land has led to the spectacular landscape. (O’Connor 1964): Due to the nature of limestone present, the region experiences underground drainage more often rather than surface drainage and run offs. Therefore, like in many other areas where KARST occurs, the underground drainage forms a main feature in the region. The presence of limestone in region makes it possible in the formation of different geographical feature. These physical geographical features formed in the region depend on the chemical properties of calcium carbonate. The rocks are readily dissolved by rainwater. As result of this kind of rock the cover the land, the reactions of the rock with rainwater leads to the formation of sinkholes. Usually, sinkholes which are salient features in the regions occur with surface water disappearing underground hence leaving behind dry valleys and stream less. The nature of the rock in the area also prevents ease formation of the soils. The rock has very high rate of dissolving which renders the processes of soils formation quite impossible. While soils are not easily formed on soluble rocks, then the place has vast lands with bare rocks. In addition to bare rocks, other common salient features in the regions includes crags and pavements Figure 1 The figure above shows the presence of several feature found in the region. Bare rock s and other features are clearly indicated. Scree slopes and crags are shown in the figure with varying ways. This figure was retrieve from http://www. malhamdale. com/geology. htm on 21 February, 2009 Landforms and soils The part of Malham has several features which are formed through different activities. There are two major activities which are involved in the formation of the various landforms in the region. Perhaps, there are three most distinct ways in which these features are attained. One of these is the glaciations process which is believed to have taken place during the era of ice ages. The place of Malham is said to have been covered with glaciers at about 15000 years ago. The sheet of ice that covered Malham glaciated leading to scoured and modified KARST landscape. This made the place to come to be referred to as GLACIOKARST landscape. The process led to the formation of limestone pavement with exposed rocks to the element of the environment. (Burek et al,1998) The figure 2 below shows an example of limestone pavement. Retrieved from http://www. malhamdale. com/cove. htm on 21 February, 2009 The figure above shows a Malham cove which is said to be an inspiration to numerous art and literature work. The Malham cove is a huge shaped cliff formed of limestone rock. The top of the cove is covered by classical limestone pavement. The high of the vertical face of the cliff is 260 feet. The cove is deeply eroded at the top. (Muir 1991) The other kind of features and landscapes can result through erosion and solution processes. Generally, these processes are likely to create feature of tourism attraction such as the Gordale Scar. This is a huge gorge that existed since the ice ages in which water melted forming a cavern that gradually collapsed resulting to waterfall and a gorge (Sweeting, 1972) Vegetation and drainage The Malham part has mostly underground drainage system. This is because the rock allows the formation of such systems more easily than any other drainage systems. Most of the rivers in this region remain as dry river bed due to percolation of the surface water from the surface. Most rivers become surface drainage systems only with heavy rainfall. Despite that the region has several underground water systems; the Malham tarn is salient feature within the region. While most of the drainage systems are naturally salty, the Malham Tarn system has been very significant in the provision of freshwater. The Malham tarn lake draws off its contents to the small stream of Malham water. This system of the Malham water enters to the limestone where it disappears at water sinks. The system continues with its course by adopting the common way of underground channel before it reappears at the Airehead Springs in the southern part of Malham. (Smith and Atkinson, 1977) Figure 3 Malham Tarn lake drainage system This is the famous largest freshwater lake in the United Kingdom Climate The region of Malham experiences four climatic seasons in a year. However, there has been some change in the recent times which is not only being experienced in this region but is a matter that is causing an alarm allover the world. The Malham region is being affected by the global warming process which is taking place in whole world. The winter season is portrayed to have the extreme of temperature increase, implying that there is the least frost and ground air at such a time. During the summer period, the amount of rainfall is more or less that received during the winter time. However, there has a tendency of drier summers and wetter winters in the past few decades. (Manley, 1979)

A Definition Of Tourism Tourism Essay

A Definition Of Tourism Tourism Essay Tourism can be defined as a temporary absence, inside or outside the country, of residence, away from home for reasons other than earning an income in the place visited (Burkhart Medlik, 1981 as cited in Lickorish Jenkins, 1997). Saayman (2008) defines tourism as the total experience that originates from the interaction between tourists, job providers, government systems and communities in the process of providing attractions, entertainment, transport and accommodation to tourists. Within the context of the above definitions, travelling outside the borders of the country of residence is termed international or external tourism whereas travelling within the borders is seen as domestic or internal tourism (Coltman, 1989). The tourism industry A definition of tourism by Jafari (1987) is mentioned which can be seen as a reference point when explaining the concept of touristhood. Jafari concludes: tourism is the study of man away from his usual habitat, of the touristic apparatus and networks, and of the ordinary and nonordinary worlds and their dialectic relationship. This definition emphasizes the difference between two different worlds and between two different environments; the ordinary and the nonordinary. The ordinary comprises the mundane, profane, daily life whose procession loses strength due to its own ordained, rhythmic course; while the nonordinary is the heightened position resulting from the departure from the ordinary ranks Tourism is now the largest industry in the world by virtually an economic measure, including gross output, value added, employment, capital investment and tax contributions (Wheatcroft,1994) Since travelling domestically and internationally has become easier due to ease of access, education and rising income, the past few decades have witnessed a considerable increase in the number of people leaving their place of residence, travelled specified distance and returning back home. In order to give them all the required facilities, or more precisely, services, products and amenities, miscellaneous organizations continue to exist. Leiper (1979) considers the tourist industry as consisting of all those firms, organizations and facilities which are intended to serve the specific needs and wants of tourists. Goeldner et al(2002)have developed an integrated system model to capture the essential elements of what they call the tourism phenomenon. In addition to the regular industry sectors of tourism, such as transport and accommodation, they included government and quasi- government agencies, the built environment, the natural environment and its resources, as well as activities such as reward and stewardship. Sectors and Sub-sectors of the Tourism Industry (source:G.K Shaw, 2010 -A risk management model for the tourism industry in South Africa) Visitors attraction -Natural -Manmade -Cultural -Social Transport -Airlines -Seatravel -Bus/coaches -Rail -Car rental Travel organizers -Travel agent -Tour operator -Tour broker -Sport/conference organiser Providers of accommodation -Hotels -Guesthouse -Bed breakfast establishments -Lodges Tourism industry Destination organization -governmental tourism organizations -private tourism organisations Commercial industrial -Souvenir shops -Tourist trade goods manufactures Support services -Tourist guides -Travel insurance -Travel trade press According to Australias new strategic plan, unlike many industry sectors, the tourism is unable to be defined simply as a group of businesses that produce particular, similar products. Rather, the tourism industry embraces a diverse range of providers and users of a variety of goods and services, and overlaps with other sector of the economy. It can simply be interpreted in the terms of demand and supply where demand involves the needs and expectations of tourists while supply involves the organizations delivering tourism products as well as services (Peter E Murphy and Ann E Murphy, 2006) As Jagmohan Negi (2004) rightly puts it: The tourist industry is difficult to define because it consists of all those trades which together satisfy the needs of travelers. Every expenditure made by tourists contributes to the prosperity and development of the travel industry. Although travel means going out only for a temporary period outside the local of ones residence, it involves a complete shake up in the equilibrium that one achieves between himself and the outside world, while living at one particular place for a long time. It involves a long chain of agencies to complete a visit worth its purpose. A tourist (holiday maker) spends his money the moment he leaves his home to go to his holiday. This paper would be focused on the private sector tourism as it deals with most of the shareholders which are in direct contact with the tourists and creation, as well as delivery of services/products; hotels, travel agencies, resorts, retailers and passenger carriers. The Private Sector of Tourism Hall (1992) suggests that the period of mid 1080s which witnessed many political events brought significant changes in the tourism industry. The WTO (1994) explains this idea where it states: As well as political change, the world has seen significant economic restructuring and general recession and downturns in traditionally strong economies. These changes have been marked by an increasing reluctance and/or inability of governments to invest in or support areas such as tourism and, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ This clarification was preceded by the arguments advanced by Lowyck and Wanhill (1992) Davidson (1993), and Harrison et al. (1993)on the economies divesting themselves of state owned assets to the private sector and on privatization which were for purposes of increasing efficiency and enhancing competitiveness by making greater use of markets for resource allocation. Many schools of thoughts argue that the private sector would be better implementer of tourism policies and can lay down long term plans that provide continuity amid situational changes. The private can implement policies while the government agencies can collaborate with one another and provide support (Robert Joseph, 2010 Cebu Daily News) In most countries, government involvement in tourism takes places to varying degrees at different levels as per a governments scope of powers, commitment to tourism management and available resources. All levels of government typically focus on the economic aspect of tourism and its main, dominant role in most destinations is a very strong focus on promotion (Peter.E Murphy and Ann E Murphy, 2006) Some countries do have a tourism industry operating on public-private leadership schemes but still the private sector plays a more active role in defining the direction of tourism. Tourism is all embracing; it involved the interaction of other components such as transportation, communication, accommodation and destination among others. Sectors cannot be singularly handled by the government as they constitute pillars of tourism development. Therefore, the private sector must, of necessity, be involved in the development and promotion of tourism in any country that intends to make tourism the mainstay of her economy. (Akpet, 2005) The private sector normally includes accommodation companies, travel companies, restaurants and bars, retailers and others which are not owned and regulated by the government. Most of the times, these companies have to abide by certain laws and regulations proposed by their constitution but they have got their own set of rules and principles, faction of practices, own and unique management style, profit margin and budgeting and criteria for leadership. Components of tourism private sector The composition of tourism private sector Primary trades/profit oriented organization Secondary trades/profit oriented organization Hotel industry Retail shops Food and beverage industry Financial institutions Transport industry Suppliers of goods and services for hoteliers, Tourist attraction caterers and transport undertakers figure 1: composition of private sector tourism (source: International tourism and travel, Jagmohan Negi, 2004) Primary trades According to Leonard JJ Lickorish and Carson LL Jenkins, the primary trade/profit motivated tourism organizations are interdependent to a certain degree and propose the following explanation: Transportation, accommodation and catering acting as the tourism hardware and tour operators/agents , tourist attractions and recreation activity fulfilling the role of software in so far as they usually provide the reason and catalyst for tourism to take place and for the use of the transport and accommodation. Secondary trades The secondary organizations offer facilities and services which are sometimes not offered by primary ones; example souvenir shops, entertainment and shopping, and insurance companies. On the other hand, Jenkins (1997) argues diversely by suggesting that there are three rather than two types of tourism private businesses. He puts it as follows: (1) the primary trades, which are most commonly associated with tourism (e.g., transport, tour companies, travel agencies, accommodations, catering facilities and attractions); (2) the secondary trades that help support tourism, though are not exclusive to tourism (e.g., retail shopping, banks and insurance, entertainment and leisure activities, personal services); and, (3) the tertiary trades, which provide the basic infrastructure and support for tourism (e.g., food and fuel, manufacturing). The inherent challenges accompanying the variable boundaries of what comprises the tourism industry are further exacerbated when the nature of the tourism product is also considered. Risks The formal Australian standard for Risk Management defines risk as the chance of something happening that will have an impact on objectives. It states that risk can either be positive or negative depending on situations. Andrew Minns (2003) refers to risk as the common combination of the probability (or likelihood) and consequences of an event (or outcome or result of exposure). He explains that this gives rise to the widely used concept of risk: Risk = Probability Consequence External and internal factors The risks facing an organisation and its operations can result from factors both external and internal to the organisation. The diagram overleaf summarises examples of key risks in these areas and shows that some specific risks can have both external and internal drivers and therefore overlap the two areas. They can be categorized further into types of risk such as strategic, financial, operational, hazard, etc. Types of risks According to the Cranfield School of Management, there are different types of risk any organization could face, but the categories of risks are not rigid as parts of business may fall into more than one category due to similar attributes.(Martin Christopher et al, 2011) Types of risks and factors affecting them (Source: The institute of Risk Management, 2002) preview005.png Strategic risk In an ACCA paper of 2008, it was stated that strategic risks are those that arise from the fundamental decision that directors take concerning an organizations objectives. Essentially, strategic risks are the risks of failing to achieve these business objectives.(Annon, 2008) Financial risk According to Marquis Codjia (2011), financial risk is a factor in all economic activities and may cause a firm to suffer losses from unfavorable price variation in securities or partner default. He rightly puts it as financial risk is the probability that a company may not have sufficient cash flows to operate, reimburse a loan or meet other financial commitment when they become due. Operational risk As David Tattam (2011) mentions in one of his publications, operational risk is defined as the risk of loss from failed or inadequate processes, people, systems or external events. He later argues that loss is not the only issue to be taken into consideration and redefines operational risk as the risk of loss or gain arising from people, systems or external events whicn can have the potential to cause the organization to deviate from its objectives. Jack L.King(1998) argues that there is a fundamental problem with operational risk as there is lack of consensus on its definition. As per his explanations, operational risk must be broken down into triggers(causes) and events. Briefly, loss or gain is triggered by an event and causes are the assignable or chance causes for the event. Assignable causes are attributable to factors that can be eliminated. In contrast, chance causes are natural or random. He therefore proposes another definition for operational risk as the uncertainty of loss in the book value of the firm or organization due to the failures in the manufacturing of the firms goods and services. Invention of operational risk In his second paper on risk management, Michael Power(2003) explains that operational risk pretty much inexistent before the 1990s. By the end of the decade, books were being published, conferences were being organized and apparently new roles such as operational risk manager were being created to the extent that there is talk of an operational risk profession. Risk management From the works of James E Roughton and Nathan Crutch Field(2008), it can be gathered that risk management is pre-emptive rather than reactive. This approach is based on the philosophy that it is irresponsible and wasteful to wait for an accident to happen, then figuring out how to prevent it from happening again. We manage risk whenever we modify the way we do something to make our chances of success as great as possible. It is a common sense approach to balancing the risks against the benefits to be gained in a situation and then choosing the most effective course of action. Baltzan , Philips and Hag (2009) describe risk management as a process of ongoing risk identification, analysis and developing responses to risk factors. Following the same concept, Kerzner (2001) argues that risk management is the art or practice of dealing with risk. He rightly puts it as: Risk management includes identifying, assessing and analyzing risk issues as well as planning for the occurrence of risk, and includes developing a management system to handle risks. This system should be designed to allow for monitoring of risk s to determine how they have changed. If not taken appropriate care of, the operational risk could have potential impacts on different aspect of an organization such as: The health and safety of employees and customers The business reputation, credibility and status Public and customer confidence Equipment and the environment (source: adapted from Queensland Tourism, 2009) In the tourism domain, risk management can be defined as the process whereby shareholders methodically address the risks attending to their activities with the goal of achieving sustained benefit with each activity and across the portfolio of all activities. It must be integrated into the culture of tourism private organization with an effective policy and programme led by the most senior management. It must translate the strategy into tactical and operational objectives assigning responsibility throughout the organization with each manager and employee responsible for the management of risk part of their job description. Operational risk management Operational risk management a simple six steps process which identifies operational hazards and takes reasonable measures to reduce risk to personnel, equipment and the mission. It is also a decision making tool that helps to systematically identify risks and benefits and determine the best courses of action for any given situation.(Anon,2000) Operational risk management process Step 1: Identify the hazard A hazard is defined as any real or potential condition that can cause degradation, injury, illness, death or damage to or loss of equipment or property. According to David Maccollum (2007), there are three different ways to methodically identify hazards. Hazard identification by area Hazards are grouped into common types and are identified by surveying all the different areas of an static site. This involves a precise process: Get an up to date plan of worksite. A precise picture of the work area must be provided Get a chart that shows the production process or work flow. The chart must be well explicit and updated for any changes. Divide the worksite into identifiable areas and number them. The physical layout of the working site can be divided according to certain dimensions and given a specific name code or number. Ask staff in all areas to list what they consider as potential hazards in their working environment and to give reasons why these hazards can harmful. Use existing resources and data to review information which can be gathered for example from regulations form, code of practices, booklets and records. Hazard identification by work analysis This method is preferable for small independent group of people who are under minimal supervision. Identify all the tasks people carry out. The employees are asked exactly how do they perform their tasks, their course of action and then the work process is broken down into smaller components for analysis. Work out the steps or stages involved in doing the task. The steps to perform the work are reviewed and possible hazards at each steps are noted and looked at. Using a list of possible hazards, to ask the employees what they consider could apply to each step identified and to write them down. Use existing resources such as guidelines, records of accidents and near misses not only from within the organization but from the industry as well to make sure of identifying all hazards. Use of information derived from task analysis to build up a profile of hazards and the occupations and tasks they apply to. A computer database can be used by giving specific codes to the hazards. (adapted from Occupational safety health service-A workbook, 1994) Hazard identification by process This approach is more thorough as it identifies the processes involved on a worksite and go through each process step by step to look for all hazards at each stage. Make inventory of all substances and materials used in the process List the process from where the material is delivered to the organization to where the finished goods are dispatched or services are offered. Draw up a flow chart detailing every step pf the process Use existing resources such as information booklets, records of accidents and near misses and reports from inspectors. Summerise the collected information (Adapted from Occupational safety health service-A workbook, 1994) Step 2: Assess the risk Risk assessment is actually the comparison of risk elements and their impacts against some acceptability criteria. Risk assessment sometimes involves consolidation of risks into risk sets that can be jointly mitigated, combined and then used in decision making. The assessment of risk is done by applying quantitative and qualitative measures to determine the level of risk associated with specific hazards.(Anon,2000) A risk assessment has three main functions -to consider the chance of harm actually befalling anyone in particular circumstances and the possible consequences -to make proper planning and take adequate preventive measures to control the risks -to shoulder responsibilities properly concerning identification and control of hazards Step 3: Analyse Risk Control Measures After identifying and assessing the hazards which need to be controlled, the next process is to select options or methods to take care of the hazard. The choice of an option is based on factors such as the potential severity of the harm posed by the hazard, the likelihood of injury or illness occurring and the cost of control measures. (Anon, 1994) Step 4: Make control decision The person with best decision abilities must be identified to choose the most appropriate control methods or set of strategies. It is important however to look at all options before making a decision, even though the identified hazard may already have some controls in place. Dale Stewart(2011) explains that these decisions must be made at the right time for maximum duration of effectiveness of the tools. The decision maker should be able to judge situations from required perspective and be responsible for consequences. Step 5: Implement Risk Controls Once control measure have been selected, an implementation strategy must be developed and carried out. For implementation to be successful, it should be clear, accountability should be established and support must be provided at all levels.(Dale Stewart, 2011) Step 6: Supervise and review It is very important to ensure that once hazard controls are put in place, regular checks must be carried out by designated persons to ensure their effectiveness and a feedback mechanism must be followed for future maintenance and utility maximization. (Dale Stewart, 2011) Maximize operational capabilityObjectives of operational risk management Conserve personnel resources Reduce or prevent increase or losses advance gain evaluate and minimize evaluate and maximize risks gain identify, control document identify, control document hazards opportunities Objectives Of Operational Risk Management (source  : FAA System Safety Handbook, Chapter 15: Operational Risk Management, 2000) Jurgen H.M Van Grinsen (2009) explains in his publication that the setting of operational risk management objectives affects or determines the choice of the methods and tools to be used. There are certain principles which need to be followed while implementing the operational risk management process and these are: Accept no unnecessary risk Make Risk Decisions at the Appropriate Level Accept Risk When Benefits Outweigh the Costs Integrate ORM into Planning at all Levels (source: adapted from FAA System Safety Handbook, Chapter 15: Operational Risk Management, 2000)

Everyday Stalinism :: Literary Analysis, Sheila Fitzpatrick

When most people hear the name Joseph Stalin, they usually associate the name with a man who was part of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and was responsible for the deaths of millions of people. He was willingly to do anything to improve the power of the Soviet Union’s economy and military, even if it meant executing tens of millions of innocent people (Frankforter, A. Daniel., and W. M. Spellman 655). In chapter three of Sheila Fitzpatrick’s book, Everyday Stalinism, she argues that since citizens believed the propaganda of â€Å"a radiant future† (67), they were able to be manipulated by the Party in the transformation of the Soviet Union. This allowed the Soviet government to expand its power, which ultimately was very disastrous for the people. The Soviet citizens during the 1930s, particularly the younger ones, believed â€Å"they were participants in a history process of transformation, their enthusiasm for what was called ‘the building of socialism’† (68). The Soviets built hotels, palaces, and had blueprints displayed all throughout â€Å"that was supposed to set a pattern for urban planning throughout the country and provide a model of the socialist capital for foreigners† (69). To further transform the Soviet Union, state officials encouraged citizens to help improve the literacy rate and recognize the many heroes of the socialist state. These heroes, including Joseph Stalin, â€Å"received huge amounts of fan mail and were lionized on appearances throughout the country† (72). They also encouraged the remaking of individuals, particularly through work. Before the transformation, many did not enjoy working, but â€Å"under socialism, it was the thing that filled life with meaning† (75). Numerous interviews an author had with â€Å"transformed† felons, illustrated that even criminals could be transformed into good citizens through work (76). However, Sheila Fitzpatrick argues that these interviews were â€Å"clearly a propaganda project.† The transformation of individuals also included citizens’ desire to become more cultured. Many Soviet citizens characterized peasants, those who were not yet part of the transformation, as â€Å"economical[ly] and cultural[y] backwards† (70); thus, the people wanted to be more cultured to distinguish themselves from the lower-class. Such things as brushing teeth, table manners, and public behavior allowed them to be distinguished (80). Fitzpatrick says on page 80, â€Å"Newspapers and journals carried regular accounts of successes in mastering the first level of culture, [†¦] these should not always be taken literally.† Fitzpatrick again emphasizes that much of the reports during this period were propaganda.

The Catcher In The Rye :: essays research papers

The Catcher in the Rye By J.D. Salinger The Catcher in the Rye was an interesting and controversial book. I chose to read the book because of the negative status it has with parents, teachers, and school. I wanted to discover what the roots of this controversy are.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The main character who narrates throughout the book, Holden Caulfield, tells about his life before and after he is kicked from Pencey Prep. At Pencey, the only subject he got a decent grade in was English, all others he failed and didn’t show up to regularly. The meat of the book consists mainly of what Holden does and thinks after he leaves Pencey. His internal conflict after leaving is what his parents will think when they find out he had been kicked from another college. The title of the book portrays the best idea of what Holden wants to do with his life. He imagines a group of children playing in a rye field that’s adjacent to a cliff. He described himself to his sister as the person that would catch the kids if they ever got near the edge.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This book was truly enjoyable to read, to see Holden’s strange and peculiar outlook on life. He had very distinct things that he hated and liked. For example, the only kind of books he enjoyed were books written by his brother, who wrote short stories. In many parts of the book, he is remembering a girl he once went out with or liked at one time. In one instance he called a girl he had the number of in the middle of the night from a drab hotel room. I think he did this solely to hear a girl’s voice.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The controversy that has arisen from this book also became clear after reading it. Holden has an overall negative attitude about everything and the way he lives his life. Also, his being kicked from colleges numerous times doesn’t set a good example either.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This novel by J.D. Salinger about a troubled teen is one that’s controversial and fun to read at the same time.

Critical Analysis of War Photographer by Carol Ann Duffy :: English Literature

Critical Analysis of War Photographer by Carol Ann Duffy In his darkroom he is finally alone with spools of suffering set out in ordered rows. The only light is red and softly glows, as though this were a church and he a priest preparing to intone a Mass. Belfast. Beirut. Phnom Penh. All flesh is grass. He has a job to do. Solutions slop in trays beneath his hands which did not tremble then though seem to now. Rural England. Home again to ordinary pain which simple weather can dispel, to fields which don't explode beneath the feet of running children in a nightmare heat. Something is happening. A stranger's features faintly start to twist before his eyes, a half-formed ghost. He remembers the cries of this man's wife, how he sought approval without words to do what someone must and how the blood stained into foreign dust. A hundred agonies in black-and-white From which his editor will pick out five or six for Sunday's supplement. The reader's eyeballs prick with tears between the bath and pre-lunch beers. From the aeroplane he stares impassively where he earns his living and they do not care. Carol Ann Duffy was born in Glasgow in 1955. She grew up in Staffordshire and went to university in Liverpool. Having spent some time in London as a freelance writer, she now lives in Manchester. She has won many prizes and several awards for her poetry. Her poems, she says, 'come from my everyday experience, my past/memory and my imagination. People and characters are fascinating to me'. Many of her poems are based on true experiences and real people. In the 1970s Carol Ann Duffy was friendly with Don McCullin, a famous photographer whose photographs of war were widely published and respected. Her poem, "War Photographer", (from Standing Female Nude, 1985), is based on conversations she had with him. The poem works on a very personal level - it is based on the authentic experience of a war photographer - and on a much wider level, saying something about the views and attitudes within our society concerning things that happen much further away. People are glad to distance themselves from the harsh realities of war whilst keeping themselves informed of, and superficially sympathetic to these real life situations. The structure of this poem supports this dichotomy in that there are two contrasting worlds: the world of war zones ("Belfast. Beirut. Phnom Penh.") and the calmer world of "Rural England". The war photographer is the man who goes between these two worlds. The safe world of England is signified by the cliche of a typical Sunday: "The bath and pre-lunch beers" while the horror of war is expressed through

Globalisation Is Becoming A Normal Word In Todays Business Environment Economics Essay

Globalization is going a normal word in today ‘s concern environment where different states are incorporating with one another. No state can be self sufficient, they depend on one another. It is really common to see different states traveling from their ain states and put to other country/countries in order to acquire markets or resources such as inexpensive labor. State boundaries are no longer an issue due to advancement in engineering. Globalisation plays a great function on the economical development of different states in the universe particularly in the developed states such as US which has investings in different states around the Earth. On the other side of the coin globalization has negative impacts on societal, cultural, political, technological, environmental every bit good as economical activities of different states. The purpose of this essay is to asses globalization impacts on the emerging economic systems, whether it is an chance for their growing or a menace. China will be used as the base of this analysis. The essay will concentrate on ; what is globalization, its drivers, functions of globalization every bit good as the manner it is incorporated in international trade. It will besides concentrate on the emerging economic systems every bit good as analyzing why China has opened doors to globalization. Title: The impact of globalization to emerging market economic systems Research inquiry: What is the impact of globalization on emerging economic systems? 1.0 Introduction Over the old ages it has been witnessed that the facet of societal, cultural, political, technological every bit good as economical activities of different states incorporating with one another has increased at a rapid rate. The patterns that are found in the European states and the United States are now found in practically at any state in the universe. This phenomenon is now normally referred to as globalization. Some bookmans have defined globalization merely as the procedure of interaction and integrating among the people, companies, and authoritiess of different states, a procedure driven by international trade and investing and aided by information engineering. This procedure has effects on the environment, civilization, political systems, economic development and prosperity, and human physical wellbeing in societies around the universe. Globalization is non a new phenomenon, for century ‘s persons, later companies, establishments and corporations have been merchandising with each other in locations that are enormously far from their point of beginning. The Asians for illustration, used the monsoon winds that occurred after a infinite of six month ‘s to travel from their states and range Africa to merchandise i.e. purchase and sell merchandises to the Africans. China and Europe were besides connected during the in-between ages through the celebrated Silk Road across Central Asia. This allowed the two parties to put to one another which were an facet of globalization. This depicts the fact that for a long clip globalization was in being but non recognised every bit today as globalization ( Jagdish, 2004 ) . This current state of affairs of the phenomenon of globalization increasing at a rapid rate has been induced by policies that have opened economic systems internally ( domestically ) every bit good as internationally. One of the chief propagators of this was the wake of the 2nd universe war whereby authoritiess of different states in the universe decided to accept or implement the free market economic system which had an consequence on the productive potencies of their states and coevals new chances for planetary trade i.e. the trade was no longer domestic oriented but internationally oriented. This is to state that the policies opened up chances for international trade and investings. The Governments have farther negotiated the enormous decreases in barriers to commerce and hold established international understandings to advance trade in goods, services, and investings. These have opened up new chances in foreign markets and therefore corporations have built foreign mills and estab lished production and selling agreements with foreign spouses. This is a defining characteristic of the late tendency of globalization, i.e. it is an international industrial and fiscal concern construction ( Jagdish, 1993 ) . The new chances have made other states that had ceased them to be dominant in the Global economic system today. Now more than of all time, it is a clear image that the facet of globalisation has been one of the major subscribers to the rise in the economic laterality of many economic systems such as those in the Asiatic states i.e. India, China etc. To day of the month China has now integrated with practically every state around that universe. The Chinese corporations have come to be so powerful to the extent that the USA is in debt of more that 10bilion dollars to the Chinese Bankss. The latter is to state that the phenomenon of globalisation has t4remendous impacts on emerging economic systems. This essay will therefore discourse the impact of globalization in the emerging market economic systems ; in so making, the essay will concentrate on the construct globalisation, the drivers for globalisation, the cardinal characteristics of emerging economic systems, the impacts of globalisation socially, economically, environmentally and technologically on the emerging economic systems and eventually do a decision of the treatment. 2.0 Definition and Concept 2.1 What is Emerging Market Economy? Emerging market economic systems are those economic systems that their economic system and industrialization grow at a rapid gait while sing a rapid addition in information efficiency in an environment. These economic systems are the leaders among developing states. To be more precise the followers are considered to be the taking emerging market economic systems Brazil, Russia, India, and China, usually referred top as the BRIC states. The taking one is China due to high growing of its GDP, engineering every bit good as literacy degree, approximately 93.3 % of Chinese entire population are literate, this became possible since the Chinese authorities executed its scheme of prioritizing instruction for its people from lower to the higher degrees ( hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org ) . Discussed below will be the features of emerging market economic systems. 2.2 The features of emerging economic systems Transitional The economic system of the emerging economic systems are invariably in transformational procedure from closed to an unfastened market, seeking to brace their economic public presentations for conveying efficiency and transparence in the capital market. Reform in exchange rate system International Monetary Fund and World Bank assist the Emerging Market Economies in reforming their exchange rate systems in order to cut down flow of domestic capital to foreign economic systems since there is an addition of local every bit good as foreign investings in footings of portfolio and direct. Attractive to Multinational corporations The states in this class are really much on the list of the favorable environments for investing by the MNC because of the ability to supply lower costs of labor and supplying a big client base. Large Population The first characteristic of these economic systems is the population in their state. The emerging economic systems have a big figure of people in their states as compared to other states in the universe. In the concern footings it means they contain a really big portion of the consumer base in their ain state. China for illustration is the most populated state ion the universe, and India is besides one of the individual states that have many people as about the full African continent. High Gross Domestic Product Growth These economic systems have a singular rate of growing on their GDP. China has been estimated to hold a 10 % growing rate in the last decennary. This rate makes it the fastest turning economic system in the universe and in old ages to come it may hold the taking economic system in the universe above the United States of America. Much of the growing nevertheless had been due to having Foreign Direct Investments from the Triads ( USA, Japan and Europe ) , thought in the recent old ages the BRIC group has besides been puting in the Triads. Enormous Changes in life manner and bettering criterion of life The states with the emerging economic systems are sing an addition in the alteration in the life manner of its population. There is a enormous alteration in footings of industrialisation, modernisation every bit good as urbanisation. The rural countries are gnawing and more metropoliss with tall edifices and many investings are going prominent. Some of the wealthiest concerns and concern adult male are found in these emerging economic systems. Most of the states populations are more into going modern and more urbanised now than old ages back. Furthermore the criterion of life has improved markedly in these emerging economic systems. Many 1000000s continue to populate in poorness but a turning urban in-between category provides an spread outing market for both domestic merchandises and for imports from abroad. Volatility of assets The universe ‘s involvement for the assets of the emerging market economic systems has risen over the past old ages. The assets of the Emerging economic systems besides tend to go volatile at times, the returns is truly deserving put on the lining for. The financess of the Emerging economic systems have besides resulted in a much higher per centum of wealth. The construct of Globalisation Globalization has been a construct narrated for many old ages by different bookman ‘s universe broad. Assorted dimensions come to visible radiation when the term globalisation is mentioned. Basically the issue of integrating, in footings of the economic system, engineering, societal facets every bit good as political relations is of highest consideration when one defines globalisation. Globalization is the system of interaction among the states of the universe in order to develop the planetary economic system. Globalization has been refers to the integrating of economic sciences and societies all over the universe. Globalization involves technological, economic, political, and cultural exchanges made possible mostly by progresss in communicating, transit, and substructure. ( Croucher, 2004 ) . Others nevertheless as antecedently mentioned have defined globalisation as the procedure of interaction and integrating among the people, companies, and authoritiess of different states, a procedure driven by international trade and investing and aided by information engineering. This procedure has effects on the environment, on civilization, on political systems, on economic development and prosperity, and on human physical wellbeing in societies around the universe. ( http: //hubpages.com/hub/Definition-of-Globalization ) Globalization efforts to picture the stairss by which the webs in the universe in footings of communicating, transit and trading cause the linking ( integrating ) of the regional economic systems, societies, civilizations, every bit good as engineerings. At this point in clip most of the universe is sing the facet of economic globalisation as one of the individual most important facet of globalisation. With this in head economic globalisation has been individually defined as the linking of economic systems of different states to make an international economic system via trade, FDIs, Investment hard currency flows, and the disperse of engineering. Globalization is normally recognized as being driven by the brotherhood of the economic, technological, socio-cultural, political, environmental and biological factors. For the intent of this essay, we therefore specify the term globalisation as the rapid addition in the interconnection of the different states economically, socially, politically, technologically every bit good as environmentally to resemble a individual small town ; the procedure extremely being facilitated by the addition in the information and communicating engineering. 2.1 Drivers of globalisation. There are many issues that have been discussed when it comes to why is there such an tremendous addition in globalisation and why many states are opening their doors to this phenomenon much easy than earlier. One of the most common account to this has been summarized in one common and yet alone sentence. That is â€Å" globalisation is inevitable † intending it will happen, whether one likes it or non it will go on. Never the less that sentence is excessively short to supply the nucleus drivers of globalisation but instead merely explicate that the phenomenon is at that place to remain. The drivers for globalisation can be put into the undermentioned classs: Market drivers Cost drivers Technology drivers Governmental drivers Competitive drivers These drivers are better explained below: Market driver This really refers to when the companies consider the assorted markets to put. The shifting of the policies of the different authoritiess in the universe top holding a free market economic system has in fact lead to concerns that had a market that was limited to one state to hold a planetary market that waits for the specific merchandises or services that they offer. At this point in companies in different parts of the universe have to greater handiness of the different states universe broad. If there was a tendency of no free market economic system, the phenomenon of globalisation would hold been speed uping at a vey little gait and the major transmutations will non hold been recognized. At this point in clip there is the meeting of national markets into a remarkable monolithic planetary market place. To sell internationally is now easier due to falling of barriers on the cross-border trade. A company does n't hold to be the size of these transnational giants to ease and profit from the globalisation of markets. ( Owens 2008 ) Production Cost driver This becomes a driver when it occurs that the costs of production in your state is greater than in another state for the same merchandise, hence it becomes more advantageous for you to bring forth in another state than in your ain. It refers to the sourcing of goods and services from locations around the universe to take advantage of national differences in the cost and quality of factors of production. The thought is to vie more efficaciously offering a merchandise with good quality and low cost. Companies consider the assorted life style of the state before sing the monetary value of the merchandise and services to render. The companies that find themselves in hunt for international trade chances need to take into history the cost deductions associated to where they want to put. For illustration one might see bring forthing certain merchandises in Tanzania than in Europe due to cheaper labor costs etc. ( Owens 2008 ) Technology driver This really refers to when there is increasing engineering system, transit, progressing in the degree of universe trade system. The have been many developments in engineering to day of the month and the rate seems unstoppable. These developments or alterations in Technological have achieved progresss in communicating, information processing, and transit engineering, including the Internet and the World Wide Web ( World Wide Web ) . The most of import invention has been development in the microprocessors after that planetary communications have been revolutionized by developments in orbiter, optical fibre, and radio engineerings, and now the Internet and the World Wide Web. The rapid growing of the cyberspace and the associated World Wide Web is the latest look of this development. Besides, inventions have occurred in the field of the transit engineering. The development of commercial jet aircraft has reduced the clip needed to acquire from one location to another. Now China is closer to the USA than of all time. ( Owens 2008 ) Government driver This refers to the decrease of trade duties and non trade duties, as a consequence of cut downing the function of political policies. As antecedently mentioned the acceptance of the free market economic system has basically causes the autumn of barriers to international trade. Now houses are able to see the full Earth as its possible market. The lowering of barrier to merchandise and investings besides allows houses to establish production at the optimum location for that activity. A house might hence, design a merchandise in one state, create a part/ constituent parts in two other states, assemble the merchandise in another state and so export the finished merchandise around the universe. The lowering of trade barriers has facilitated the globalisation of production. The grounds besides suggests that foreign direct investing is playing an increasing function in the planetary economic system. ( Croucher, 2004 ) . Competition driver The facet of better merchandises as a consequence of competition has really made the facet of globalisation an indispensable portion in many economic systems. The competition among companies ensures that there is a production of high quality merchandises globally ( Owens 2008 ) The impact of globalisation Over the old ages different arguments have existed on whether states =should embracing or be opposed to the phenomenon of globalisation. This argument is pioneered by the likely impact the globalisation has on the assorted economic systems or states in the universe. There has been an statement that the facet of globalisation favoring the already developed states and working the developing states. Below therefore is the treatment on the impact of globalisation on the emerging economic systems. The impact of globalisation can be focused on the five chief classs which are ; Economic impact Harmonizing to economic experts, there are a batch of planetary events connected with globalisation and integrating. The economic system of a state relies a batch on the concern environment that exists. Whether there is high domestic trading or there is a wider scope of investings from international companies. Globalization has enabled the economic systems of different states top become incorporate. For illustration, the avenue of international trade now allows states to hold foreign currencies into their economic systems. Furthermore the facet of citizens being in one state and having belongings in another state is besides a world. The issues of loaning has now moved to a whole new degree, companies from one state ask for loans from Bankss in a different state every bit good as Bankss of one state can now set subdivisions in other counties which automatically affects the economic systems. Governments of one state travel and obtain loans from other states. A typical and yet most asto nishing scenario is the fact that the American authorities being in 1000000s of debt to china which is an emerging economic system. No uncertainty globalisation has increased the foreign direct investings in different states. At this point in clip the Mc Donald ‘s company of the United States of America had made a record entry to the Russian and Chinese economic system when the policies of these states had allowed room for the free market economic system. The GDP of states such as Chinas have benefited a batch as a consequence of globalisation. As mentioned earlier China ‘s GDP has been turning at a rate of 10 % , one of the fastest turning rates in the universe. Socio-cultural Impact Another noteworthy impact of globalisation has been on the civilization of assorted societies in the universe. Globalization has been seen as a accelerator for alteration in the civilizations of less developed states to be more like those of the developed states. More specifically it is seen as an infliction of the pop civilization ( western civilization ) to other states. For illustration the manner in which people talk, act, frock etc has changed over the last few decennaries. The type of music that people listen to globally has changed ; even the ethical motives of certain societies have changed. Old ages back, it was hideous for adult females to have on miniskirts in the streets of Arabic states, but now this is going problematic. Even in African states some facets are altering. Many people are waiving their heritage for the new life manners which are believed to be more modernised. Now people believe that if you speak your native linguistic communication and do non cognize how to talk English, so you are crude. All these are a consequence of globalisation. The manner in which people communicate has now besides changed. Peoples have conversations via the phone and hold reduced the more traditional manner of communicating which was to see and see each other physically. No longer are people playing athleticss outside, they instead play video games, ticker films in the house, all these are a consequence of globalisation. Furthermore there is a alteration in the type of ownership in the emerging economic systems. The facet of globalisation has introduced a more capitalist system in states that were chiefly involved in communal ownership ; the facet of ownership has become more of individualistic nature. This being the instance, there is no longer equal distribution of income among the people of China. This has benefited some of the members who believed that they deserved more for the more work they did but at the same clip has created a division among the rich and the hapless that was non at that place in the yesteryear Environmental Impact The environment is more of the less discussed factors at times but is ne of the most of import facet that needs to be considered when looking upon the impacts of globalisation. The environment fundamentally refers to every thing that surrounds us. In the globalized universe more and more concern chances have emerged for the different concerns in the universe as a effect the concerns that are engaged in fabrication and affect the emanation of harmful substances have increased h=and have caused a devastation in the ozone bed in different parts of the universe. Furthermore, the less developed states have suffered on the environment as the developed states have used globalisation as a agency of dumping harmful merchandises from their states. There had been a prohibition on several environmentally harmful merchandises in Europe ; as a consequence, the European companies sold the goods to states like Tanzania etc to non endure losingss. This was a agency of dumping their waste merchandises . On the other manus though, through globalisation, there are now campaigns all over the universe that relate to environmentally protection. International ; pacts on environmentally friendly productions have been signed by different states. The decrease in green house emanation pacts have been signed by many states in the universe being led by United provinces of America and China, the most extremely fouling states in the Earth. Technological Globalization has lead to the addition in the spread of engineering all over the universe. At this point in clip, practically all parts of the universe are awe-are of the bing engineerings every where. The engineering that is used in Europe is besides used in China and at times even found in Africa. Globalization has enabled the universe to make, modify different technological devices that were founded by some one else in the different portion of the Earth. The Japanese have been known to modify different engineerings that they see bing in the USA. The Chinese are now the 1s who imitate all the bing engineerings anyplace in the Earth. The sphere of globalisation has made the latest engineerings to be in every portion of the universe. Ranging from the latest nomadic phones, laptops, picture games and all other appliances, globalisation in one manner or the other has ensured that no 1 is left behind. Political/legal The last facet that globalisation has impacted is on the issue of political and legal environment. Globalization has been at the centre in the increased international Torahs that are in being, the being on the planetary organisations that provide rules across the universe. The United Nations ( UN ) , the World Bank ( WB ) , the international pecuniary fund ( IMF ) and the similar. The increased interconnection of different counties has enabled the being of the organisations to harvests cut different states. For illustration some of the policies in the less underdeveloped states ( LDCs ) such as the Structural Adjustment Program have been influenced by the World bank, some have been influenced by the united states etc. This shows how globalisation has impacted the political and legal ambiance of a state. State losingss its sovereignty in globalisation as it is being scrutinized by the international states. For illustration all of the states are now looking at the policies of China and seek to dispute some of the things that it is making. In so making, the sovereignty of the state is being lost ( Croucher, 2004 ) .DecisionIn general, no 1 can deny the fact that globalisation is inevitable. The issue is on how the states take the being of globalisation. Through the treatment one can see that there are benefits that are being seen from the being of the phenomenon, but there are besides damaging effects. All of these depend on the state and therefore the context in which globalisation takes topographic point. There issues that are related to the loss of a state ‘s freedom and sovereignty that play a cardinal portion on whether to encompass or reject globalisation, ne'er the less globalisation will go on. In a brief overview though one can see that there are many economically related benefits that have been associated with emerging economic systems and hence likely cause for the increased credence in the phenomenon.The facets of the spread outing gross revenues i.e. where by the emerging economic systems are holding a wider market for its merchandises is a noteworthy ground for the credence of globalisation. Now the states with emerging economic systems are holding the markets in practically any state of the universe runing from Europe to Africa, the Middle East and America. Furthermore they have now been able to get resources from the assorted states that they have invested in. The credence in globalisation has besides reduced the hazards that have been associated with the investing in merely their state as there are many fruitful chances in other states.

The Manager as a Systems Thinker

Introduction Managing an organization is no easy job. There are a lot of factors that should be taken into account—processes, procedures, people, raw materials, and accountabilities among others. Given this complexities, managers tend to view their role as that of the maintenance officer trying to make everything run given the schedule and agreed upon goals within the organization. The complexities of the management process is even confounded by the difficulties in the communication process brought about by conflicting ideas and personalities of different people, as well as by new trends and issues arising in the society. In this regard, advances in telecommunications and other technologies also pose a challenge to the processes used to be followed by the manager in particular and by the organization in general. Problems and challenges occur in different areas of the organization in the same way that a machine may break down every now and then. Managers, however, in fixing these problematic areas, tend to focus only on the particular area where the problem occurred. The other extreme position is to focus on the big picture too much without going down to the level of the details and trying to understand what made such an area malfunction (Reed, 2006). The whole picture, however, is more than just the sum of the individual parts. When these individual parts come together to help achieve a goal or establish a process, they cannot be easily broken down into the component parts. As such, the system takes on a life of its own and may even dictate the future direction that the organization may take in the future (Ryba, 1996). The Role of the Manager Traditionally, managers are seen coordinators and a kind of director that monitors everything going on within the organization. If anything goes wrong, he should be there trying to fix things and making sure that they get back on track to make things going again. Such a role of the manager, however, is limited to trouble-shooting and monitoring. It does not capture the breadth and depth of what truly goes on in the management process. Thankfully a lot of authors have looked into a more holistic view of the manager. After all, the manager is not a firefighter that is only present whenever something or somebody is on fire. Rather, the manager also is a leader in the sense that he sees what is going on, and he foresees where the trends and circumstances are leading the organization. As such, the manager is a proactive leader that takes the necessary precautions and steps to ensure that the different aspect of the organization is ready to take on the challenges brought by the external and even the internal environment of the organization. The twenty-first century is the century that information and knowledge took center piece in the economy. Handling knowledge and information is now as important as managing the assembly line. In my own experience, management is more than just monitoring and implementing projects. Rather, a manager is also a thinker who takes into consideration the overall situation of the organization and how it can survive given the difficulties and challenges it is facing. The manager does some tweaks here and there but on the whole, he takes into consideration how the whole system can work better. Personal Experience of Managing Using Systems Thinking A recent personal experience in management occurred to me. The manager, although a friend of mine, was complaining about the low level of output from some members of the organization. Up to a certain degree, he was right. There were two people who were simply not meeting the standards that the company has set—these people did not meet their sales quota, which of course, affected the performance of the whole team. What the manager did was in step with systems thinking. Instead of going directly to the two persons and scolding them for their poor performance, he observed them keenly and tried to understand the situation. After several days of observing them and their work patterns, he also conducted informal chats with other members of the team regarding work processes and dynamics. By the end of the month, he called for a meeting to address the level of the performance as well as some of the issues that he was able to uncover. As it turned out, there were personal differences between the two persons and it was affecting their level of performance. The manager, however, did not only focus on that, but he also looked into the settings in the office and the way that work flows were designed. He elicited several suggestions for a more dynamic and responsive work flow from the team members. After that, he led the team members into a brainstorming of several ways of addressing the issue of performance. Had he asserted his authority right away, he would not have secured the participation of everyone. But because of systems thinking, the team was able to identify the root causes of difficulties and challenges. Â